Pharmacological treatment the main streams of treatment modalities in modern Psychiatry. There are limited effectiveness and potential alarming side effects of pharmacological approach for the cognitive impairment problems in older adults. In recent decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been under the spotlight in mental health research. The most common forms of NIBS are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Besides the aforementioned two most commonly investigated NIBS, there is a new NIBS, Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS), which uses transcranial shockwave to modulate brain activity. They all have been shown to be a potential tool to bring the benefit. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of these new interventions in this presentation.
